8.0 Summary
What You Learned in Module 8
Having covered the material in this module, you should now be able to
- classify and characterize the states of matter present on Earth
- describe the conditions that allow water to be present in all three physical states on Earth
- draw and describe the composition, shape, and polarity of water molecules
- explain how the composition, shape, and polarity lead to water's unique properties and interactions
- define and illustrate hydrogen bonding among polar molecules
- identify the properties of water that make it essential to life
- describe and illustrate water's unique molecular composition as a solid and a liquid
- identify sources and locations of water on Earth
- describe the magnitudes and fractions of water that are actually fresh water
- compare and contrast the properties of various sources of water
- define potable water
- analyze data to evaluate water use, consumption, and contamination
- describe water as the "universal solvent" and why it can "carry" so many other chemicals
- recall differences between ionic and molecular compounds
- model solvation of ionic and molecular compounds in water
- define molarity as a unit of concentration
- calculate various concentrations of substances in water and use difference units of concentration
- explain how various solutes can change the properties of water
- define acids, bases, and pH
- relate the pH scale to common household chemicals
- describe how small pH changes indicate large changes in concentration
- explain how changes in water properties alter its ability to support life, ecosystems, and biodiversity
Course and Student Learning Objectives in Module 8
- Understand principles of green chemistry as they are applied to chemistry lab experiments.
- Identify and properly use common laboratory equipment in measurements and collecting data in lab experiments.
- Demonstrate correct safety protocols and ability to follow lab procedures.
- Make reliable observations and record these observations systematically.
- Students will be able to use a laboratory pH meter to accurately assess pH values of common solutions with pH range 0-14, and categorize solutions as acidic, basic/alkaline, or neutral.
- Draw and describe the composition, shape and polarity of water molecules. Explain how these aspects lead to its unique properties and interactions that occur both naturally and via human intervention.
- Perform basic calculations involving aqueous solutions, emphasizing solutions related to aqueous solutions and the water we drink. Understand the origins of water pollutants.
- Describe the properties of acids, including pH values relate to acid rain and ocean acidification with analysis of human activity and their impacts on Earth.
- Write chemical formulas and chemical names for common acids, bases, salts, and binary covalent compounds used in the sustainability of life on Earth.
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